WEBVTT 1 00:00:09.610 --> 00:00:11.170 The Yellow Light, 2 00:00:11.670 --> 00:00:12.550 Episode 2: 3 00:00:13.090 --> 00:00:14.070 Chaos Theory. 4 00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:18.050 Recently in the news, there was this talk 5 00:00:18.050 --> 00:00:21.450 of bringing back a form of wolf that 6 00:00:21.450 --> 00:00:23.070 had gone extinct, the dire wolf. 7 00:00:23.510 --> 00:00:24.630 Well, it turned out to be a whole 8 00:00:24.630 --> 00:00:25.450 lot of nothing. 9 00:00:25.750 --> 00:00:29.110 As with many stories, the mainstream media tends 10 00:00:29.110 --> 00:00:32.330 to inflate advances in science. 11 00:00:32.690 --> 00:00:35.090 I've seen them my whole life, with life 12 00:00:35.090 --> 00:00:37.150 on Mars or life on this other planet, 13 00:00:37.350 --> 00:00:39.690 bio-signatures, blah, blah, blah -- whatever. 14 00:00:40.010 --> 00:00:41.790 The point of the story is, eh, well, 15 00:00:41.890 --> 00:00:43.670 some people brought back some DNA. 16 00:00:44.030 --> 00:00:46.990 They haven't really made the dire wolf go not 17 00:00:46.990 --> 00:00:50.850 extinct. They've just created some gray wolf–dire wolf 18 00:00:50.850 --> 00:00:51.450 hybrids. 19 00:00:52.050 --> 00:00:54.870 But this reminds me of a story, a 20 00:00:54.870 --> 00:00:56.510 story that was in a book and later 21 00:00:56.510 --> 00:00:58.610 got adapted to a movie, Jurassic Park. 22 00:00:58.850 --> 00:01:02.110 In Jurassic Park, the ethics of cloning extinct 23 00:01:02.110 --> 00:01:03.890 animals came up, of course. 24 00:01:04.150 --> 00:01:06.550 We all know Jeff Goldblum's character and his 25 00:01:06.550 --> 00:01:09.490 talk of Chaos Theory and "life finds a 26 00:01:09.490 --> 00:01:11.690 way" -- and it's been the source of many 27 00:01:11.690 --> 00:01:12.110 memes. 28 00:01:12.350 --> 00:01:14.850 But we should really go back and think 29 00:01:14.850 --> 00:01:17.410 about the questions in that movie and what 30 00:01:17.410 --> 00:01:20.690 it means to approach these problems, not in 31 00:01:20.690 --> 00:01:23.410 terms of "Oh, does nature give a species 32 00:01:23.410 --> 00:01:24.830 a chance to exist" and "We have to 33 00:01:24.830 --> 00:01:27.450 let nature take its course -- they went extinct, 34 00:01:27.630 --> 00:01:28.070 blah, blah, blah." 35 00:01:28.570 --> 00:01:28.790 No. 36 00:01:29.450 --> 00:01:32.310 It's really more, what I find interesting is 37 00:01:32.310 --> 00:01:34.910 the disaster that unfolds on the island. 38 00:01:35.490 --> 00:01:38.250 The T-Rex gets out of its enclosure 39 00:01:38.250 --> 00:01:39.650 and goes on a killing spree. 40 00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:41.530 Basically, it's like a horror movie. 41 00:01:41.730 --> 00:01:42.990 Kind of an action movie, kind of a 42 00:01:42.990 --> 00:01:43.510 horror movie. 43 00:01:43.970 --> 00:01:45.270 And that's the theme of the story. 44 00:01:45.770 --> 00:01:49.730 The interesting thing was not that the Dennis 45 00:01:49.730 --> 00:01:52.450 Nedry character, the one who automated and computerized 46 00:01:52.450 --> 00:01:54.970 so many of the systems, the problem wasn't 47 00:01:54.970 --> 00:01:58.750 that he computerized everything, that everybody was too 48 00:01:58.750 --> 00:02:01.990 reliant on one person, that they didn't deal 49 00:02:01.990 --> 00:02:04.810 with enough problems and surprises as they came 50 00:02:04.810 --> 00:02:05.030 up. 51 00:02:05.250 --> 00:02:06.970 One of the characters, it was actually Laura 52 00:02:06.970 --> 00:02:09.770 Dern's character in the movie adaptation, has that 53 00:02:09.770 --> 00:02:13.070 talk with the idealistic John Hammond. 54 00:02:13.750 --> 00:02:15.890 He says, you know, I've learned, like, we 55 00:02:15.890 --> 00:02:18.350 rely too much on automation and one person 56 00:02:18.350 --> 00:02:20.430 who disappeared, Dennis Nedry. 57 00:02:20.730 --> 00:02:23.270 When we get control again, and then Laura 58 00:02:23.270 --> 00:02:25.890 Dern interrupts him and says, "You never had 59 00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:26.410 control -- 60 00:02:26.650 --> 00:02:27.350 That's the illusion." 61 00:02:28.090 --> 00:02:29.890 And I think that's an important thing. 62 00:02:30.290 --> 00:02:32.050 This was explored more in the book actually, 63 00:02:32.270 --> 00:02:35.390 is that the way systems can fail is 64 00:02:35.390 --> 00:02:36.450 very unpredictable. 65 00:02:37.010 --> 00:02:41.330 Sometimes Chaos Theory gets reduced to a few 66 00:02:41.330 --> 00:02:44.710 memes or images or the expression of a 67 00:02:44.710 --> 00:02:47.550 butterfly flaps its wings in New York City 68 00:02:47.550 --> 00:02:50.510 and it causes a storm in Beijing -- or 69 00:02:50.510 --> 00:02:51.410 however that goes. 70 00:02:51.510 --> 00:02:52.150 It doesn't matter. 71 00:02:52.310 --> 00:02:54.870 My point is that the systems in Jurassic 72 00:02:54.870 --> 00:02:57.570 Park failed in ways that nobody could predict. 73 00:02:57.850 --> 00:03:01.150 And taking the approach of solving problems as 74 00:03:01.150 --> 00:03:03.670 they came up and looking at them, okay, 75 00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:04.930 now we know how to do this. 76 00:03:05.070 --> 00:03:06.210 Now we know not to do that. 77 00:03:06.290 --> 00:03:07.670 Now we know to do this. 78 00:03:08.490 --> 00:03:09.430 You know, you can see it. 79 00:03:10.030 --> 00:03:11.930 The best thing, one of the smartest people 80 00:03:11.930 --> 00:03:14.990 was actually the Muldoon character, the game warden 81 00:03:14.990 --> 00:03:15.450 character. 82 00:03:15.630 --> 00:03:18.150 He says about the raptors, they just didn't 83 00:03:18.150 --> 00:03:18.510 exist. 84 00:03:18.670 --> 00:03:20.750 We never have them in the park. 85 00:03:20.910 --> 00:03:22.910 They're just too dangerous, too smart, too blah, 86 00:03:22.910 --> 00:03:23.230 blah, blah. 87 00:03:23.370 --> 00:03:24.650 It set aside the fact that in real 88 00:03:24.650 --> 00:03:27.510 life, velociraptors were not much bigger than chickens. 89 00:03:28.970 --> 00:03:31.870 They would be a nuisance, but they aren't 90 00:03:31.870 --> 00:03:32.570 going to hunt you down. 91 00:03:32.890 --> 00:03:35.390 Whatever, it's a little bit of artistic liberty, 92 00:03:35.650 --> 00:03:35.870 we'll say. 93 00:03:36.050 --> 00:03:38.770 But the interesting point is that they were 94 00:03:38.770 --> 00:03:39.590 the deadliest thing. 95 00:03:39.790 --> 00:03:41.630 The T-Rex was just a big dumb 96 00:03:41.630 --> 00:03:43.550 animal that wants to eat sometimes. 97 00:03:43.670 --> 00:03:46.230 Whereas the raptors would hunt, they were more 98 00:03:46.230 --> 00:03:48.210 evil, almost more like a horror villain. 99 00:03:48.410 --> 00:03:50.710 You think about them stalking the two kids 100 00:03:50.710 --> 00:03:52.170 when they were in the kitchen and that's 101 00:03:52.170 --> 00:03:52.310 it. 102 00:03:52.370 --> 00:03:54.030 It felt very much like that, like they 103 00:03:54.030 --> 00:03:54.670 were villains. 104 00:03:55.470 --> 00:03:57.890 And they never were, but it felt as 105 00:03:57.890 --> 00:03:58.330 if they were. 106 00:03:58.570 --> 00:04:01.950 The Muldoon character insisted that this danger shouldn't 107 00:04:01.950 --> 00:04:02.410 exist. 108 00:04:02.850 --> 00:04:06.050 And we know that from studying industrial safety, 109 00:04:06.370 --> 00:04:07.710 production safety, what have you. 110 00:04:07.910 --> 00:04:10.370 The safest thing to do is to remove 111 00:04:10.370 --> 00:04:10.990 the danger. 112 00:04:11.230 --> 00:04:14.130 It's not to get you a better and 113 00:04:14.130 --> 00:04:15.149 more protective glove. 114 00:04:15.250 --> 00:04:17.550 It's to have the on button for the 115 00:04:17.550 --> 00:04:20.310 trash compactor be 10 feet away from the 116 00:04:20.310 --> 00:04:22.830 entrance, from the opening of the trash compactor. 117 00:04:23.050 --> 00:04:25.790 So that way it's impossible for you to 118 00:04:25.790 --> 00:04:28.230 have your hand in the machine while the 119 00:04:28.230 --> 00:04:30.390 machine's running, because you have to put the 120 00:04:30.390 --> 00:04:32.910 garbage in the trash compactor, then walk over 121 00:04:32.910 --> 00:04:34.470 to the on button and then press the 122 00:04:34.470 --> 00:04:34.970 on button. 123 00:04:35.090 --> 00:04:38.170 It's basically impossible for you to accidentally capture 124 00:04:38.170 --> 00:04:38.910 your hand in there. 125 00:04:39.210 --> 00:04:41.190 The best thing you could do would be 126 00:04:41.190 --> 00:04:43.390 to not even have a trash compactor. 127 00:04:43.570 --> 00:04:47.390 If you go to a convenience shop, there's 128 00:04:47.390 --> 00:04:49.610 no trash compactor where the customers go. 129 00:04:49.770 --> 00:04:52.350 So there's no danger of a customer losing 130 00:04:52.350 --> 00:04:54.950 a hand at a convenience store. 131 00:04:55.130 --> 00:04:57.170 It's just impossible to happen. 132 00:04:57.370 --> 00:04:59.630 That's what Muldoon was saying with the raptors 133 00:04:59.630 --> 00:05:00.090 in a way. 134 00:05:00.250 --> 00:05:01.370 They were so dangerous. 135 00:05:01.850 --> 00:05:03.650 They just shouldn't exist, period. 136 00:05:03.790 --> 00:05:06.090 Not they should exist with more safety guards. 137 00:05:06.190 --> 00:05:08.350 They just shouldn't exist at all because things 138 00:05:08.350 --> 00:05:09.030 can go wrong. 139 00:05:09.390 --> 00:05:12.530 And Spielberg, as a great director, establishes that 140 00:05:12.530 --> 00:05:15.570 early on with his character where he oversees 141 00:05:15.570 --> 00:05:16.170 an accident. 142 00:05:17.070 --> 00:05:18.210 And that's what it was. 143 00:05:18.210 --> 00:05:18.710 It was an accident. 144 00:05:18.910 --> 00:05:20.990 Nobody intended for it to happen, but it 145 00:05:20.990 --> 00:05:22.950 was actually, you know, these things happen. 146 00:05:23.310 --> 00:05:25.730 It was a very emotional moment for him 147 00:05:25.730 --> 00:05:29.290 when one of the workers he supervised died -- 148 00:05:30.350 --> 00:05:32.850 died from a raptor attack because things just 149 00:05:32.850 --> 00:05:33.290 go wrong. 150 00:05:33.490 --> 00:05:35.290 You know, you're moving the raptor from one 151 00:05:35.290 --> 00:05:35.930 cage to another. 152 00:05:36.430 --> 00:05:39.210 Something nobody anticipated was that the raptor would 153 00:05:39.210 --> 00:05:41.130 wait at the back of the cage and 154 00:05:41.130 --> 00:05:42.690 then make a running start and then slam 155 00:05:42.690 --> 00:05:44.590 the door at the very moment that the 156 00:05:44.590 --> 00:05:47.030 cage is starting to open to reconnect or 157 00:05:47.030 --> 00:05:49.410 couple with the other cage or place we're 158 00:05:49.410 --> 00:05:49.850 putting it. 159 00:05:50.070 --> 00:05:51.790 It doesn't matter what it was exactly. 160 00:05:51.890 --> 00:05:54.550 The point was that they hadn't predicted, oh, 161 00:05:54.890 --> 00:05:58.950 the raptor might try to suddenly move at 162 00:05:58.950 --> 00:06:02.610 the weakest, most critical moment, which is right 163 00:06:02.610 --> 00:06:05.850 before we had the cage fully coupled with 164 00:06:05.850 --> 00:06:07.430 the next one and we opened the door. 165 00:06:07.550 --> 00:06:09.410 That's the moment when it chooses to strike. 166 00:06:09.410 --> 00:06:12.170 It didn't matter if that was because the 167 00:06:12.170 --> 00:06:13.810 raptor was very smart or it was just 168 00:06:13.810 --> 00:06:14.810 blind luck. 169 00:06:14.910 --> 00:06:17.310 The fact is these kinds of things can 170 00:06:17.310 --> 00:06:19.370 happen and somebody lost his life. 171 00:06:19.730 --> 00:06:20.850 It didn't need to happen. 172 00:06:21.350 --> 00:06:23.730 The character also had a few other things 173 00:06:23.730 --> 00:06:26.050 that he said when the ride is going 174 00:06:26.050 --> 00:06:29.850 on and then the characters get out of 175 00:06:29.850 --> 00:06:31.950 the moving trucks on the track. 176 00:06:32.110 --> 00:06:33.710 They get out and they want to look 177 00:06:33.710 --> 00:06:34.410 at some stuff. 178 00:06:34.810 --> 00:06:36.170 And John was like, "Oh, no," 179 00:06:36.810 --> 00:06:38.630 and Muldoon is saying, "I told you. You 180 00:06:38.630 --> 00:06:41.010 should have put locking mechanisms in the vehicles." 181 00:06:41.550 --> 00:06:44.330 Muldoon was thinking not just in terms of 182 00:06:44.330 --> 00:06:45.830 safety for safety's sake. 183 00:06:45.990 --> 00:06:47.590 And I'll be like, oh, all this is 184 00:06:47.590 --> 00:06:48.270 all too dangerous. 185 00:06:48.650 --> 00:06:50.550 He didn't say that they should get rid 186 00:06:50.550 --> 00:06:51.350 of the T-Rex. 187 00:06:51.450 --> 00:06:52.590 It was really the raptor that he said 188 00:06:52.590 --> 00:06:54.070 to get rid of because they were just 189 00:06:54.070 --> 00:06:54.890 too unpredictable. 190 00:06:55.710 --> 00:06:56.650 For the sake of the story, they were 191 00:06:56.650 --> 00:06:57.930 made a lot bigger than they are in 192 00:06:57.930 --> 00:06:58.270 real life. 193 00:06:58.310 --> 00:06:59.630 Not as big as the T-Rex, but 194 00:06:59.630 --> 00:07:01.410 much bigger than they were in real life. 195 00:07:01.650 --> 00:07:05.190 He also talked about the mechanisms on the 196 00:07:05.190 --> 00:07:08.170 doors because he was thinking with a preventive 197 00:07:08.170 --> 00:07:08.650 mindset. 198 00:07:09.310 --> 00:07:11.850 And we really need to have more of 199 00:07:11.850 --> 00:07:13.250 that in society. 200 00:07:13.550 --> 00:07:16.390 A lot of times we go whole hog, 201 00:07:16.490 --> 00:07:18.710 we go all in on something and then 202 00:07:18.710 --> 00:07:20.070 we figure out the problems later. 203 00:07:20.310 --> 00:07:22.790 And I'm not saying we shouldn't take any 204 00:07:22.790 --> 00:07:26.490 new steps or adopt anything, but we shouldn't 205 00:07:26.490 --> 00:07:28.770 just deal with problems as they come up. 206 00:07:28.850 --> 00:07:33.250 We should anticipate possible problems and design ways 207 00:07:33.250 --> 00:07:36.370 for the problems to not kill anybody. 208 00:07:36.790 --> 00:07:38.210 We need to do that from the outset. 209 00:07:38.510 --> 00:07:41.830 A lot of safety, we talk about Vision 210 00:07:41.830 --> 00:07:42.710 Zero, this and that. 211 00:07:43.010 --> 00:07:44.030 It's always reactive. 212 00:07:44.410 --> 00:07:46.390 It's always, oh, well, we found out that 213 00:07:46.390 --> 00:07:47.630 this intersection is bad. 214 00:07:47.690 --> 00:07:50.330 So maybe at this traffic intersection, we can 215 00:07:50.330 --> 00:07:51.010 do XYZ. 216 00:07:51.330 --> 00:07:54.170 Or, hmm, people aren't driving the way we 217 00:07:54.170 --> 00:07:54.870 wanted them to. 218 00:07:55.130 --> 00:07:55.930 Let's try this. 219 00:07:56.070 --> 00:07:58.170 No, you should have designed from the get 220 00:07:58.170 --> 00:07:58.430 -go. 221 00:07:58.830 --> 00:08:01.590 Before you put in the traffic intersection, before 222 00:08:01.590 --> 00:08:04.690 you do any construction, before you rebuild any 223 00:08:04.690 --> 00:08:05.390 intersection. 224 00:08:05.970 --> 00:08:09.670 And remember, the way car roadways are built 225 00:08:09.670 --> 00:08:13.030 and made, the heaviness of cars, you have 226 00:08:13.030 --> 00:08:15.210 to rebuild these every 15 years. 227 00:08:15.430 --> 00:08:16.590 You don't just pave them over. 228 00:08:16.770 --> 00:08:20.110 You have to rip up everything and redo 229 00:08:20.110 --> 00:08:20.390 them. 230 00:08:20.950 --> 00:08:22.990 That's a chance to do it a different 231 00:08:22.990 --> 00:08:23.350 way. 232 00:08:23.910 --> 00:08:25.530 And before you redo it the way it 233 00:08:25.530 --> 00:08:28.930 was, people who oversee safety should be in 234 00:08:28.930 --> 00:08:32.130 there beforehand, not after the fact and then 235 00:08:32.130 --> 00:08:33.210 have recommendations. 236 00:08:33.770 --> 00:08:34.590 By then, it's too late. 237 00:08:34.690 --> 00:08:35.390 Somebody's died. 238 00:08:35.530 --> 00:08:37.470 That's when people invoke the safety. 239 00:08:37.630 --> 00:08:40.030 No, the safety mindset should be there from 240 00:08:40.030 --> 00:08:40.570 the get-go. 241 00:08:40.850 --> 00:08:42.210 If you wanted people to stay in the 242 00:08:42.210 --> 00:08:44.550 cars on the Jurassic Park ride, they need 243 00:08:44.550 --> 00:08:47.450 to have locking mechanisms so that people can 244 00:08:47.450 --> 00:08:48.070 just leave. 245 00:08:48.070 --> 00:08:50.890 If you want people to not die on 246 00:08:50.890 --> 00:08:54.310 your roads, you need to not design intersections 247 00:08:54.310 --> 00:08:57.230 in a way that will induce people to 248 00:08:57.230 --> 00:08:58.290 drive too fast. 249 00:08:58.690 --> 00:08:59.310 And they will. 250 00:08:59.490 --> 00:09:00.130 We know that. 251 00:09:00.250 --> 00:09:02.830 We have enough decades of research around the 252 00:09:02.830 --> 00:09:03.090 world. 253 00:09:03.450 --> 00:09:04.230 We have the research. 254 00:09:04.350 --> 00:09:05.250 It doesn't matter how we got it. 255 00:09:05.330 --> 00:09:05.950 We have it now. 256 00:09:06.490 --> 00:09:07.250 Let's put it to use. 257 00:09:07.370 --> 00:09:09.910 Let's not rebuild dangerous intersections. 258 00:09:10.410 --> 00:09:12.470 And if we find that we did build 259 00:09:12.470 --> 00:09:14.510 one, we need to think about how to 260 00:09:14.510 --> 00:09:16.850 fundamentally change it or redesign it and not 261 00:09:16.850 --> 00:09:19.050 be the mindset like, we need some more 262 00:09:19.050 --> 00:09:19.810 flashing lights. 263 00:09:20.450 --> 00:09:21.630 That's not going to make a difference. 264 00:09:21.850 --> 00:09:24.370 If people are driving too fast and plowing 265 00:09:24.370 --> 00:09:28.670 and killing people, it's not because they choose 266 00:09:28.670 --> 00:09:28.910 to. 267 00:09:29.090 --> 00:09:31.610 So saying something is an accident is really 268 00:09:31.610 --> 00:09:32.090 irrelevant. 269 00:09:32.570 --> 00:09:36.410 And making people more, besides making them more 270 00:09:36.410 --> 00:09:39.110 visible, if you "daylight" an intersection and you 271 00:09:39.110 --> 00:09:41.590 make people more visible, that can help. 272 00:09:41.990 --> 00:09:43.350 You remove visual obstacles. 273 00:09:43.650 --> 00:09:45.490 You don't let people park on the street 274 00:09:45.490 --> 00:09:47.590 too close to an intersection because it might 275 00:09:47.590 --> 00:09:49.270 hide people in the crosswalk. 276 00:09:49.930 --> 00:09:52.110 Getting rid of those visual obstacles is good. 277 00:09:52.690 --> 00:09:55.470 But lighting up an intersection by having a 278 00:09:55.470 --> 00:09:57.790 flashing sign, not on the person, but off 279 00:09:57.790 --> 00:09:59.770 to the side, so you have to divert 280 00:09:59.770 --> 00:10:00.450 your attention -- 281 00:10:00.870 --> 00:10:03.190 you have to redirect your attention elsewhere. 282 00:10:03.190 --> 00:10:04.870 There's this flashing warning: 283 00:10:04.990 --> 00:10:05.890 "There are pedestrians here." 284 00:10:06.390 --> 00:10:07.890 Well, that's not really going to do much. 285 00:10:07.990 --> 00:10:09.730 It's just like -- what is is doing, telling 286 00:10:09.730 --> 00:10:12.030 people "Like, hey, reminder, there are humans on 287 00:10:12.030 --> 00:10:12.610 the planet Earth, 288 00:10:12.850 --> 00:10:14.030 and you know, if you hit one of 289 00:10:14.030 --> 00:10:16.310 them at a high speed, you might kill 290 00:10:16.310 --> 00:10:16.810 that person. 291 00:10:17.050 --> 00:10:18.210 And that would make us sad"? 292 00:10:18.430 --> 00:10:21.490 Well, you're not telling anybody anything that they 293 00:10:21.490 --> 00:10:22.450 don't already know. 294 00:10:22.550 --> 00:10:24.670 That's not fixing any problems. 295 00:10:25.290 --> 00:10:27.650 The thing to do is say, "Look, this 296 00:10:27.650 --> 00:10:29.650 is a highway off-ramp. 297 00:10:29.650 --> 00:10:32.390 The cars are going to be moving very 298 00:10:32.390 --> 00:10:34.250 fast because they were coming off a road 299 00:10:34.250 --> 00:10:36.090 where they were doing at least 65 miles 300 00:10:36.090 --> 00:10:36.510 per hour. 301 00:10:36.850 --> 00:10:39.730 You can't have a bike lane -- 302 00:10:39.950 --> 00:10:44.350 you can't have a children's sidewalk to school go 303 00:10:44.350 --> 00:10:45.190 through that area. 304 00:10:45.730 --> 00:10:47.450 It just shouldn't be there." 305 00:10:47.570 --> 00:10:50.650 Maybe you do an underpass, an overpass -- something. 306 00:10:50.850 --> 00:10:55.310 You cannot have those two pathways intersect with 307 00:10:55.310 --> 00:10:59.110 two very, very different types of roadway users 308 00:10:59.110 --> 00:11:01.010 moving at very, very different speeds. 309 00:11:01.370 --> 00:11:02.850 You just can't do that. 310 00:11:03.610 --> 00:11:06.670 I feel that's one of the unspoken things. 311 00:11:06.870 --> 00:11:08.670 Well, it's kind of spoken, but it's more 312 00:11:08.670 --> 00:11:09.110 hinted at. 313 00:11:09.150 --> 00:11:11.190 You have to pay attention to the Jurassic 314 00:11:11.190 --> 00:11:12.310 Park story carefully. 315 00:11:12.850 --> 00:11:16.190 It works as an action/horror story 316 00:11:16.190 --> 00:11:18.130 that keeps people entertained. 317 00:11:18.410 --> 00:11:20.630 That's probably why most people have seen it. 318 00:11:20.770 --> 00:11:22.070 That's why I saw it as a kid. 319 00:11:22.390 --> 00:11:24.790 But there is so much more to that. 320 00:11:24.790 --> 00:11:27.030 There's so much more to how we think 321 00:11:27.030 --> 00:11:27.710 about safety. 322 00:11:29.770 --> 00:11:31.810 Too many of us, we fall into the 323 00:11:31.810 --> 00:11:34.630 trap of John Hammond that, oh, this is 324 00:11:34.630 --> 00:11:34.790 bad. 325 00:11:34.850 --> 00:11:36.890 We're not denying that things are really bad 326 00:11:36.890 --> 00:11:38.890 with the T-Rex getting out and the 327 00:11:38.890 --> 00:11:41.230 grandkids having their lives under threat and can't 328 00:11:41.230 --> 00:11:41.670 find them. 329 00:11:42.310 --> 00:11:44.450 He knew about the danger, but he was 330 00:11:44.450 --> 00:11:48.870 still in this reactive mindset of "Okay, well, 331 00:11:49.250 --> 00:11:51.150 okay, now that this has happened, we'll do 332 00:11:51.150 --> 00:11:51.430 this. 333 00:11:51.530 --> 00:11:53.110 We'll paper over these problems." 334 00:11:54.930 --> 00:11:57.810 He maybe could have made the idea work 335 00:11:57.810 --> 00:12:02.010 if there was a fundamentally different understanding of 336 00:12:02.010 --> 00:12:04.610 how to approach safety, how to be preventive. 337 00:12:04.750 --> 00:12:06.310 I hope that we can learn from the 338 00:12:06.310 --> 00:12:09.410 past and not repeat the mistakes in the 339 00:12:09.410 --> 00:12:09.750 future. 340 00:12:10.230 --> 00:12:13.030 I would like us to not go all-in 341 00:12:13.030 --> 00:12:15.010 on certain things and say, "Oh, okay, 342 00:12:15.070 --> 00:12:17.390 well, we've had this, and now that we 343 00:12:17.390 --> 00:12:19.250 have some data, some dead bodies, we can 344 00:12:19.250 --> 00:12:22.030 figure out what Band-Aids we can add 345 00:12:22.030 --> 00:12:22.570 to this." 346 00:12:22.790 --> 00:12:24.190 No, no, we need to look at this 347 00:12:24.190 --> 00:12:27.190 from a safety mindset from the get-go 348 00:12:27.190 --> 00:12:28.750 or before the get-go. 349 00:12:28.930 --> 00:12:32.790 Before we lay down the first brick, pound 350 00:12:32.790 --> 00:12:34.970 in the first nail, we need to think 351 00:12:34.970 --> 00:12:38.390 about what threats exist and how we could 352 00:12:38.390 --> 00:12:44.470 make certain tragedies impossible because we can't predict 353 00:12:44.470 --> 00:12:44.970 behavior. 354 00:12:45.310 --> 00:12:47.690 That's a big takeaway from Chaos Theory -- it's 355 00:12:47.690 --> 00:12:51.550 that you cannot easily account for all the 356 00:12:51.550 --> 00:12:54.630 ways in which different factors interact with each 357 00:12:54.630 --> 00:12:54.910 other. 358 00:12:55.070 --> 00:12:57.350 The point is not that everything's connected. 359 00:12:57.810 --> 00:13:00.510 Of course, everything is, and things can't exist 360 00:13:00.510 --> 00:13:04.330 in a perfectly sealed vacuum, but things also 361 00:13:04.330 --> 00:13:06.350 interact in ways that we couldn't have predicted, 362 00:13:06.690 --> 00:13:08.890 and we need to have a systems approach 363 00:13:08.890 --> 00:13:13.250 that says we don't exactly know how people 364 00:13:13.250 --> 00:13:14.130 will behave. 365 00:13:14.630 --> 00:13:16.070 Will they obey all the directions? 366 00:13:16.370 --> 00:13:19.910 Well, ideally, yes, but kids exist. 367 00:13:20.310 --> 00:13:22.030 Kids might open up cars. 368 00:13:22.130 --> 00:13:24.130 I opened up a car going on the 369 00:13:24.130 --> 00:13:25.450 highway when I was a kid because I 370 00:13:25.450 --> 00:13:26.110 thought it'd be funny. 371 00:13:26.590 --> 00:13:28.210 That's what kids do. 372 00:13:28.330 --> 00:13:31.070 They do stuff that's maybe a little stupid. 373 00:13:31.930 --> 00:13:34.930 Having the doors on the cars in Jurassic 374 00:13:34.930 --> 00:13:37.850 Park be locked while the vehicle is in 375 00:13:37.850 --> 00:13:41.190 motion would just make it impossible for people 376 00:13:41.190 --> 00:13:42.790 to ever go off the path. 377 00:13:43.030 --> 00:13:43.890 It would be impossible, 378 00:13:44.110 --> 00:13:45.970 not a matter of "Oh, we need to 379 00:13:45.970 --> 00:13:48.050 do a better job of vetting people" or 380 00:13:48.050 --> 00:13:50.610 "We need to instruct them better how to 381 00:13:50.610 --> 00:13:51.110 behave." 382 00:13:51.470 --> 00:13:55.550 All the research on safety in industrial worksites 383 00:13:55.550 --> 00:13:57.870 says that that's the least effective. 384 00:13:58.790 --> 00:14:02.330 "Tell people to be careful" -- that's not that 385 00:14:02.330 --> 00:14:02.710 effective. 386 00:14:03.070 --> 00:14:05.530 It helps a bit to have hard hats 387 00:14:05.530 --> 00:14:08.270 and safety gloves, but it's even better to 388 00:14:08.270 --> 00:14:10.510 remove the dangers, and it's even better to 389 00:14:10.510 --> 00:14:12.130 not have the dangers around. 390 00:14:12.850 --> 00:14:14.690 There's no reason why a construction site should 391 00:14:14.690 --> 00:14:15.810 have a nuclear reactor. 392 00:14:16.190 --> 00:14:18.730 You can put the nuclear reactor somewhere far 393 00:14:18.730 --> 00:14:21.870 away and run electricity through power lines to 394 00:14:21.870 --> 00:14:22.310 the city. 395 00:14:22.550 --> 00:14:24.130 You don't have to have a mini nuclear 396 00:14:24.130 --> 00:14:26.630 reactor on every construction site, on every block, 397 00:14:26.670 --> 00:14:27.310 in every city. 398 00:14:27.570 --> 00:14:29.090 Why even have the danger there? 399 00:14:29.710 --> 00:14:33.210 It's not about having the permits and having 400 00:14:33.210 --> 00:14:35.930 the good training or everybody wearing the special 401 00:14:35.930 --> 00:14:36.930